3D stereo measurement video borescopes represent a sophisticated advancement in remote visual inspection (RVI) technology, enabling precise three-dimensional assessment of intricate and inaccessible areas. By utilizing stereo vision techniques and a diverse array of RVI methodologies, these advanced instruments facilitate accurate measurements for comprehensive evaluation of internal components and surfaces. This detailed inspection capability also aids in more reliable detection of damages and defects, further enhancing the effectiveness of RVI applications in various industries.

Stereoscopic imaging, a prevalent 3D stereo measurement technique in advanced video borescopes for remote visual inspections (RVI), is grounded in the principle of parallax. Utilizing a dual-camera (image sensor) system with fixed separation distance, the technique captures distinct perspective images of the inspection area. By assessing the disparities between these images, the system calculates depth information, thereby generating a 3D representation of the inspected object's surface. In order to optimize the depth estimation process, sophisticated algorithms, such as global and local stereo matching techniques, are implemented. Moreover, contemporary systems might incorporate artificial intellect (AI), machine learning (ML) and computer vision (CV) technologies to bolster the accuracy of the stereo correspondence process.

Other 3D stereo measurement methods employed in RVI and specifically video borescopes include photogrammetry, structured light techniques, also known as phase-shift profilometry, and laser-assisted measurement (or laser line triangulation) with additional laser accessories. Photogrammetry involves capturing multiple images from different angles and using software algorithms to reconstruct a 3D model of the inspection area. Phase-shift profilometry projects a specific light pattern onto the surface under inspection, which is then captured by the borescope's camera. The distortion of the light pattern reveals information about the surface geometry, allowing the creation of a 3D model.

Laser-assisted measurement with optional laser accessories employs a laser line projected onto the inspection area, and the camera captures the reflected laser line to calculate the surface profile. Laser-assisted measurement does not offer 3D stereo measurement in the same way as true 3D stereo measurement techniques; however, it presents a straightforward and effective method for acquiring measurement data during RVI.

Compared to other stereo measurement techniques, stereoscopic imaging offers several advantages in the RVI domain:

• Precision: Stereoscopic imaging yields highly accurate measurements of distances, angles, and complex geometries in hard-to-reach areas, making it a valuable tool for various industries, including aerospace, automotive, oil and gas, and manufacturing.
• Robustness: Stereoscopic imaging is less susceptible to variations in lighting conditions, surface textures, and object reflectivity than some other methods, such as structured light techniques or laser-assisted measurements.
• Real-Time Processing: Stereoscopic imaging allows for real-time processing of 3D data, enabling operators to make informed decisions and take appropriate action during the inspection process. 

• Stereo Vision Technology: The integration of stereo vision cameras enables the generation of accurate 3D data by capturing two slightly different images of the inspection area. The system processes these images to create a depth map, providing a detailed three-dimensional representation of the inspected surface.
• High-Resolution Imaging: Advanced 3D stereo measurement video borescopes offer high-resolution imaging capabilities for enhanced detail and image quality. This feature is essential for accurate defect detection and reliable measurement results.
• Articulation Control: Precise articulation control enables the operator to navigate and position the probe tip accurately within complex and curved pathways, ensuring optimal inspection coverage.
• User-friendly Interface: Intuitive user interfaces and software applications facilitate easy operation, data analysis, and reporting.
• Customization Options: Customized solutions, including specific designs, additional functionalities, or integration into existing systems, can be implemented to meet customer requirements.